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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isomorphic JavaScript</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Isomorphism" title="Isomorphism">Isomorphism</a>.</div>
<p><b>Isomorphic JavaScript</b>, also known as <b>Universal JavaScript</b>, describes <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> applications which run both on the <a href="Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">client</a> and the <a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div>
<p>The naming of the term 'Isomorphic JavaScript' has been a matter of controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term 'isomorphic' was first coined by Charlie Robbins from <a href="Nodejitsu" title="Nodejitsu">Nodejitsu</a>, in one of the company's blog posts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spike Brehm, a software engineer from <a href="Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a>, wrote another blog post using the same term.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, others have proposed to use the term Universal JavaScript instead.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frameworks">Frameworks</h2></div>
<p>There have been several isomorphic JavaScript frameworks and libraries created, most notably <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haskell-miso.org/">Miso</a> and <a href="Meteor_(web_framework)" title="Meteor (web framework)">Meteor</a> (framework). Others include <a href="Next.js" title="Next.js">Next.js</a>, <a href="Nuxt" title="Nuxt">Nuxt</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kit.svelte.dev/">Sveltekit</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rendrjs.github.io/">Rendr</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derbyjs.com/">Derby</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ezeljs.com/">Ezel</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catberry.github.io/">Catberry</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2ality.com/2015/08/isomorphic-javascript.html">"Is "Isomorphic JavaScript" a good term?"</a>. <i>2ality</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170621091912/http://2ality.com/2015/08/isomorphic-javascript.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-15</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFInc." class="citation web cs1">Inc., Nodejitsu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nodejitsu.com/scaling-isomorphic-javascript-code/">"Scaling Isomorphic Javascript Code | Nodejitsu Inc"</a>. <i>blog.nodejitsu.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703210112/https://blog.nodejitsu.com/scaling-isomorphic-javascript-code/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-15</span></span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (help)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAirbnbEng2013" class="citation web cs1">AirbnbEng (2013-11-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/isomorphic-javascript-the-future-of-web-apps-10882b7a2ebc">"Isomorphic JavaScript: The Future of Web Apps"</a>. <i>Airbnb Engineering & Data Science</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170617233510/https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/isomorphic-javascript-the-future-of-web-apps-10882b7a2ebc">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-15</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@mjackson/universal-javascript-4761051b7ae9">"Universal JavaScript"</a>. <i>Michael Jackson</i>. 2015-06-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170621140654/https://medium.com/@mjackson/universal-javascript-4761051b7ae9">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-15</span></span>.</cite></span>
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